Professional Sound Editing with Audacity

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Professional Sound Editing with Audacity

by Howard Wen
04/14/2005

Need to do sound recording or editing, but find most audio software daunting due to complicated interfaces or price? Then take a look at Audacity: it's free, open source, and packs a bunch of professional-level sound editing features, all under a very intuitive, friendly user interface (Figure 1). By design, Audacity is a user-friendly but still powerful alternative to other sound editors that tend to be complicated to use. What's more, it comes in Linux, Mac OS X, and Windows versions.

Figure 1. The Linux version of Audacity (click for full-size image)

"Many other editors use nonstandard GUIs or require you to understand terms and concepts from analog mixing boards. A lot of people use Audacity simply because they gave up trying to get other tools to work," claims the 27-year-old founder and lead developer of Audacity, Dominic Mazzoni, who works for the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, as a research programmer and develops Audacity in his spare time.

While a graduate student of computer science at Carnegie Mellon University in 1999, Mazzoni started writing what would evolve into Audacity: he created a program to visualize pitch transcription algorithms, then later decided to expand this tool into an audio editor.

Easy to Use, but Still Powerful

Audacity is different than other music composition programs in that the designers planned from the start to make a cross-platform program (Figure 2); its code runs natively on Linux, Mac OS X, and Windows. (The Mac and Windows versions don't require X11.) Few applications can run natively on all three of these platforms, especially multimedia programs. This works to Audacity's advantage: professional musicians and audio engineers tend to prefer working in a cross-platform environment, because they often need to collaborate with people who use software running on different platforms.

Figure 2. Audacity also runs natively on Mac OS X (click for full-size image)

In the Linux world, Audacity may not be as advanced or powerful as other audio editors (which also function as music composers), but it does stand out as one of the easiest to use. Mazzoni and other developers on the Audacity team borrow the best ideas and features from several audio editors and digital audio workstations, but with the goal of presenting everything under an interface accessible even to inexperienced users.

"Several other applications support the same features as Audacity: multitrack recording, nondestructive editing, LADSPA effects. But most of them are designed for audio professionals and take time to learn," says Matt Brubeck, a programmer in Seattle who contributes to the Linux side of development for Audacity. "Audacity's interface is very easy for new users, but it still has many of the key features found in [more] professional applications." (See Figure 3.)

Figure 3. Few Windows sound editing programs are both free and as feature-rich as Audacity (click for full-size image)

Here are some highlights of Audacity's many features:

Records directly to the hard drive, with no limit on the recording time
VU meters help you monitor recording and playback levels
Dozens of built-in effects and generators
Commands and tools for cutting, pasting, splicing, mixing, and sample editing
Unlimited undo feature, with a history dialog
No limits on the number of tracks or the sample rate of an audio project; any such limitation depends on the capability of your system's hardware
Imports practically any uncompressed audio format (including WAV, AIFF, and raw headerless) and compressed format (MP3 and Ogg Vorbis); Audacity exports to most of those formats, too
Allows you to split a project into multiple pieces and save them to several files simultaneously
Supports multiple plugin formats; this includes plugin effects written in the Nyquist language, a sound and synthesis composition programming language based on Lisp
All but a few small features have total support across the Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux versions

Crossing Platforms Without Compromises

Mazzoni wanted to design an application that would look and feel like it was native on whatever platform it ran, so he selected C++ as the language in which to write Audacity.

"We wanted the application to be fast and responsive. This ruled out every other high-level language at the time I started development," Mazzoni says. "Today, if I was starting from scratch, I would consider using wxPython, but it would still require tens of thousands of lines of C/C++ code in order to achieve comparable speed and responsiveness."

The team uses the wxWidgets library to build the cross-platform user interface for Audacity. "Thanks to wxWidgets, it is possible to write great cross-platform programs without compromising on anything. I wish more people would go this route," Mazzoni says.

To achieve cross-platform audio input/output, Audacity incorporates PortAudio, chosen because of its powerful and robust design, and the fact that it runs on Linux, Mac, and Windows. In comparison, similar cross-platform libraries, such as Simple DirectMedia Layer and OpenAL, are optimized for playback but not recording.

"I believe that Audacity shows that today there really is no reason anymore to code just for one OS, and that free software tools are a real alternative to company-owned technologies like .NET or Java," says Markus Meyer, one of the Audacity development team's members. Meyer is a 25-year-old freelance programmer in Nuremberg, Germany.

Technical and Nontechnical Limitations

There are, however, a few technical limitations with Audacity:

Each track can have only one "clip," though this has improved in the program's unstable release
Aside from volume automation and resampling, Audacity does not support real-time effects; all effects are applied when you choose them
It supports only stereo output; for example, you can work with multiple tracks, but you can't mix down to Dolby 5.1 surround and listen to it directly from Audacity
Similarly to the above, effects can operate on only one track at once

"Audacity shouldn't really have built-in limitations. Things like the maximum number of tracks or the size of the project are practically unlimited, and even special provisions exist in the code to allow data to scale beyond limits of the OS," Meyer says.

Perhaps the biggest limitation is not technical but stems from licensing and patent issues. For example, the official release of Audacity does not include VST support because the licensing of the VST SDK, the Audacity developers feel, is "most unclear."

More Feedback, More Features

For future versions of Audacity, Mazzoni and his team have added support for Audio Units (an effects plugin format for Mac OS X) and have started to consider VST support. This will make a much larger library of plugin effects available for Audacity. For the Linux version, the Audacity developers want to improve LADSPA support as the LADSPA community adds support for native GUIs.

Meyer himself is working on new additions to make audio production easier for people working at radio stations. Many of those elements will be of benefit to other users, too: support for multiple clips per track, a clipboard that can handle several clips, and enhanced undo functionality.

"Audacity may not do everything you need in an audio program yet, but if it does just one thing better than any other tool, then why not keep it around along with your other tools?" Mazzoni asks rhetorically. "Keep giving us feedback, and maybe Audacity will eventually surpass these other tools."

Howard Wen is a freelance writer who has contributed frequently to O'Reilly Network and written for Salon.com, Playboy.com, and Wired, among others.

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Showing messages 1 through 7 of 7.

Volume and E.Q. for audio cd's
2009-05-23 17:51:00 D.P. [Reply | View]

New to Audacity and trying to import audio from media player 11, and then increase the loudness to then be burnt to cd. Many audio tracks I have are classic rock from 80's etc. Many are not as loud as newer purchased cd's. Also would like to increase bass eg. on some tracks.No problem importing and playing , but can't figure how to do previously explained.?

Volume and E.Q. for audio cd's
2009-05-23 17:50:49 D.P. [Reply | View]

New to Audacity and trying to import audio from media player 11, and then increase the loudness to then be burnt to cd. Many audio tracks I have are classic rock from 80's etc. Many are not as loud as newer purchased cd's. Also would like to increase bass eg. on some tracks.No problem importing and playing , but can't figure how to do previously explained.?

audacity - excellent program
2007-10-21 07:35:34 zook [Reply | View]

thanks to the developers, many
of us in the entertainment industry can use a simple but powerful program to record and edit audio.
an ideal program for the novice as well.

HOW DO YOU GET VOCALS FORM ONE TRACK AND ADD INTO ANOTHER
2007-06-10 14:43:27 INK9592 [Reply | View]

I'M TRYING TO RE-MIX TWO SONGS AND I KINDA FIGURED OUT HOW TO LOWER THE VOCALS ON ONE SONG BUT I WANT TO MIX THE BEATS RIGHT AND I WANT TO TAKE HTE VOCALS FORM ONE SONGS AND ADD IT INTO ANOTHER TRACK. CAN ANYONE HELP?

great tool, but boy is it slow
2005-04-20 13:25:39 kwidholm [Reply | View]

I love Audacity, and am impressed by the dedication of the developers. However, it's difficult for me to work with for any length of time as it is extremely slow to open and save files. Example:
Open and display 215mb AIFF stereo file in Peak: 5 seconds
Open and display a 215mb AIFF stereo file in Audacity: 31 seconds.

I'm sure this will improve, and I will continue to watch and recommend Audacity to casual users.

slowing down without pitch change
2005-04-18 09:06:19 mgrouch [Reply | View]

One of the cool features is Audacity supports is
slowing down the music without pitch change.
I use it to learn fast guitar licks.
Audacity is greatest free software for recording.
I suggest it to everyone who is doing home recording.
I normally generate a click track, then start
recording track by track (rythm guitar then solos, etc).
I still haven't figured any free software to add drums (I'm not a drum player).
Pure guitar recoding works very nicely (you have
to monitor input level though)
You can record a song and create mp3 in few hours.

Thanks for this great software.
--MG

Ogg files
2005-04-18 05:21:32 GerardM [Reply | View]

One thing Audacity does well is .ogg files. Wikipedia and Wiktionary use this format exclusively for sound files. Many people do not have the software to listen to .ogg files. In order to popularize the format we now have a start with over 3000 soundfiles with pronunciations.

We do recommend Audacity for this purpose. The only quible is that we can not save files with Arabic or Hebrew characters.

Thanks,
GerardM