Linux Word Processing Road Map
03/28/2000If you're coming into Linux with a Microsoft Windows or Apple Mac OS background, or from some other non-Unix computing environment, you probably have a notion of how you perform all the tasks that we generally group under the category of word processing. In this column, I'd like to show you the Linux way of doing things, which is a little different, but can still accommodate you and in fact expand your capabilities.
People often complain that there isn't a word processor for Linux. While that isn't so -- even commercial favorites such as WordPerfect are available, and have been for years -- the standard personal computing paradigm known as "word processing" has never really taken off in Linux, or with Unix-like operating systems in general. The reason is because a monolithic, specialized application such as a word processor is in opposition to the generalized, tools-based and plain-text philosophy of Linux.
If you must use a word processor
But as it turns out, there are word processors available for Linux -- so before going further, I will list some to get you going, if a word processor is what you're really after.
Among those available are the open source
There are non-open source word processors as well, such as- StarOffice and
- Corel's WordPerfect.
Another alternative -- a halfway point between the word processor you might be expecting and the typesetting systems we're about to describe -- is the LyX "document processor" explained below.
For more information on this subject, I recommend Christopher B. Browne's analysis, Word Processors for Linux. Christopher lists many of the more esoteric applications available for Linux and explores the differences between PC word processors and the Linux approach.
Tools for text processing
Word processing may be an obsolete idea of the 1980s -- no longer a necessity in the age of the Web and e-mail where plain, unformatted text is native, and proprietary word processing formats aren't.
When you keep a file in plain text, you can use command-line tools to format the pages and paragraphs (fmt and fold); add page numbers and headers (pr); check the spelling, style, and usage (ispell, spell, style, and dict); count the lines, words, and characters it contains (wc); convert to HTML and other formats (plain2); and even print the text in a font of your choosing (enscript). The text can be formatted, analyzed, cut, chopped, sliced, diced, and otherwise processed by the vast array of other Linux command-line tools that work on text -- there are over 750 of them in an average installation.
You might not even need to use a word processor, depending on exactly what it is you need to do with your text. With many operating systems, almost all writing is done in a word processor, no matter where the intended output will go (even if it's just your diary). With Linux, most writing is done in a text editor, such as emacs or vi.
It may seem primitive at first -- especially to those weaned in a computing environment that dictates all writing must be set in a typeface from the moment of creation -- but the word processing approach can be excessive compared to what Linux provides. You can, if you like, view or print plain text in a font, with a single command -- which is what most people want to do with a word processor. This will be the subject of a future column. On the next page, we look at tools for typesetting and offer a guide to choosing the right tool based on the task at hand.
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